Michael Faraday discovers how magnetic fields modify crystal optical axes.

Discovering magneto-optical rotation (beta = V B L), proving the unified connection between light and …

Michael Faraday classifies magnetic material behaviors under strong magnetic fields.

Measuring Specific Inductive Capacity (dielectric constant), proving that insulating materials polarize to alter electrostatic capacity …

Extending field theory to electrostatics, proving that electric forces propagate through dielectric polarization along physical …

Discovering the quantitative laws of electrochemistry, establishing the Faraday constant (F = N_A e), prefiguring …

Replacing Newtonian action-at-a-distance with physical lines of force, predicting finite propagation speeds and founding field …

Discovering that a changing magnetic flux induces an electric current, establishing field theory, electric power …

Building the Faraday Disk homopolar generator, converting mechanical rotation into continuous direct current and founding …

Dismantling the concept of 'permanent gases' by liquefying chlorine in a sealed glass tube, launching …

Michael Faraday constructs the first continuous electric motor prototype.