Estimated fundamental electric charge (e = F / N_A) and introduced the term Electron.

Argued Faraday electrolysis laws require indivisible electric atoms.

Invented amplitude-splitting optical interferometer to test ether drift.

Pierre and Jacques Curie discover electric voltage generation under mechanical stress in asymmetric crystals.

Josef Stefan discovers total blackbody radiant power is proportional to T^4.

Edwin Hall discovers transverse voltage generated by magnetic fields acting on current-carrying conductors.

Proposed Radiant Matter (Plasma) as the fourth state of matter in high vacuum.

Willard Gibbs publishes "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", founding chemical thermodynamics.

William Crookes invents the Crookes tube, discovering cathode ray deflection and proposing a 4th state …