Becquerel discovers natural radioactivity in uranium, and Zeeman discovers spectral line splitting in magnetic fields.

Discovered natural spontaneous radioactivity in uranium salts using photographic plates.

Discovered magnetic splitting of spectral lines into triplets in strong magnetic fields.

Calculated e/m ratio of bound electrons from Zeeman splitting, confirming electron theory.

Published Wien's spectral energy distribution equation for blackbody cavity radiation.

Published first quantitative climate model calculating global warming from CO2 absorption.

Röntgen discovers penetrating invisible X-Radiation (X-Strahlen), launching modern medical imaging and quantum physics.

Lorentz publishes the complete electromagnetic force equation F = q(E + v x B) for …

Perrin collects cathode rays in a Faraday cup electrometer, proving negative electric charge.

Pierre Curie formulates Curie's Law (chi = C / T) and discovers the ferromagnetic Curie …

Published the complete electromagnetic force equation F = q(E + v x B).

Formulated Curie's Law (chi = C/T) and discovered the critical Curie Temperature (T_C).