Calculated e/m ratio of bound electrons from Zeeman splitting, confirming electron theory.

Lorentz publishes the complete electromagnetic force equation F = q(E + v x B) for …

Published the complete electromagnetic force equation F = q(E + v x B).

Published comprehensive treatise on electron electrodynamics and local time.

Lorentz formulates classical electron theory, uniting electromagnetic fields with microscopic charges.

Formulated classical electron theory uniting field electrodynamics with point charges.